In recent years, Nigerian society has witnessed intensifying economic inequality and persistent insecurity, alongside targeted violence against Christian populations in parts of the country. These dynamics raise urgent questions about how religious actors respond to both structural poverty and existential threats to life, identity, and communal survival. The paper explores how churches, Christian organizations, and interfaith initiatives engage issues of economic justice through social welfare programs, education, microfinance, advocacy, and humanitarian relief. It analyses the theological frameworks, such as liberation theology, prosperity teachings, diaconal service, and peace theology that shape Christian responses to poverty and inequality. At the same time, the study interrogates narratives surrounding "Christian genocide," considering how Christian communities interpret experiences of displacement, attacks, and persecution, and how these interpretations influence collective action, political mobilization, and interreligious relations. Drawing on qualitative and documentary sources, the paper investigates how faith-based responses address both material deprivation and trauma arising from targeted violence. It pays particular attention to youth, women, internally displaced persons, and rural communities, for whom vulnerability is often compounded. Overall, the study argues that religion plays an ambivalent role: Christian institutions can serve as powerful agents of economic empowerment, reconciliation, and social solidarity, yet they also operate amid contested narratives of victimhood and injustice. By analyzing faith-based interventions in Nigeria's contexts of poverty and large-scale violence, the paper highlights both the possibilities and the limits of religious engagement in advancing economic justice and protecting vulnerable communities.