This paper starts from the observation that the individual vs. collective binary is one of the most productive tensions for Orthodox Christian theology in the 19th and 20the century, articulated in concepts such as sobornost' or person). This binary has also shaped Orthodoxy's modern self-understanding, as many Orthodox thinkers contrasted their tradition's emphasis on community with that they perceived as Western individualism. The paper will asks, how this binary has influenced Orthodox churches' approaches to questions of (in)equality in terms of social inequality, gender norms, or broader questions of social justice. The paper also wants to shows how the individual-collective tension is reflected in current intra-Orthodox conflicts. Controversies over ecclesial authority, autocephaly, and debates over human rights demonstrate how different Orthodox actors mobilize the individual vs. collective binary to justify competing theological and political claims.