This paper offers a comparative analysis of the reactions of the Catholic Church to the first reports issued by the Truth Commissions in Chile and Argentina. In Argentina, the Nunca Más report was published in 1984, while in Chile the Rettig Report appeared in 1991. Both documents officially exposed, for the first time, the gravest human rights violations committed under the military dictatorships, generating profound public impact during the initial year of democratic transition. The national Catholic Churches played a prominent role in the debates surrounding these reports, seeking to shape the concept of reconciliation as a pathway toward the desired consolidation of democracy. In both countries, the Church positioned itself as a mediating actor between political and military factions, thereby maintaining an active public role. The comparison is particularly significant given the divergent roles of the Churches during the dictatorships: while the Chilean Catholic Church had become the moral opposition to authoritarian rule, the Argentine Church, in its majority, had supported the military regime and its repressive policies. This comparative study highlights how the Churches responded in light of these distinct pasts, how they interpreted the notion of reconciliation, and how they argued in favor of it in the face of the public revelation of brutal human rights violations.