Panel: PATHOLOGIES OF SPIRITUALITY: WHEN FAITH TURNS TOXIC



241.1 - WHEN SALVATION BECOMES A TRAP: RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE, AUTHORITY, AND THE DYNAMICS OF SPIRITUAL HARM

AUTHORS:
Berdowicz E. (Adam Mickiewicz University ~ Poznań ~ Poland)
Text:
This paper investigates the role of religious language in the production, normalization, and concealment of spiritual harm within high-demand religious communities. While commitment, obedience, and self-transformation are commonly framed as virtues in religious discourse, the paper argues that these same categories may function as mechanisms of control when embedded in asymmetrical power relations and reinforced through charismatic authority. Drawing on qualitative research among contemporary Christian groups, the analysis examines recurring discursive patterns through which authority is constructed and moralized. These include metaphors of calling, sacrifice, and spiritual growth; evaluative framings of doubt, criticism, and emotional suffering; and narrative scripts that recast personal boundaries as signs of spiritual immaturity or resistance to divine will. Such linguistic structures contribute to cognitive and moral entrapment by redefining distress as meaningful, necessary, or redemptive. The paper further explores how religious language interacts with embodied practices, ritual participation, and communal expectations, fostering dependency, self-surveillance, and internalized guilt. Attention is paid to the gradual normalization of coercive dynamics, rendered invisible through routinized speech and moral rationalization. Finally, the analysis turns to post-exit narratives, examining how former members reassess the language that once shaped their religious experience. These narratives illuminate processes of discursive reframing, identity reconstruction, and the recovery of moral and interpretive agency after leaving damaging religious contexts. By integrating insights from religious studies, discourse analysis, and cognitive approaches to meaning-making, the paper highlights language as a constitutive force shaping authority, vulnerability, and harm in contemporary religious life.