Panel: ENTANGLED ENCOUNTERS: MATERIAL AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN EUROPE



647.7 - FROM ANANDPUR SAHIB TO ITALY: THE CELEBRATION OF HOLA MAHALLA IN THE SIKH DIASPORA

AUTHORS:
Musconi T. (Università di Padova ~ Padova ~ Italy)
Text:
Hola Mahalla is a major Sikh festival, introduced by the tenth Guru Gobind Singh in the 18th century, as a celebration of the Sikh martial spirit and as an occasion for the adherents to demonstrate their military skills in simulated battles and games. The festival is still held every March in the city of Anandpur Sahib, in Punjab (India). Hola Mahalla features the participation of the Nihangs, one of the traditional Sikh groups, who embody the Sikh warrior spirit and philosophy. While contemporary Sikhism largely adheres to the Singh Sabha perspective, established in the 19th century to promote a uniform understanding of the tradition, Nihangs remain at the periphery of the broader Sikh community and are characterized by their own distinctive beliefs and practices. Italy is home to the sixth-largest Sikh diasporic community in the world, and the second largest in Europe. Here, too, gurdwaras primarily adhere to the Singh Sabha affiliation. But recently, thanks to the initiative of a group of young Nihangs, Hola Mahalla has begun to be celebrated in Italy as well, which is quite rare in the context of the European diaspora. Through an ethnographic study of the celebration of Hola Mahalla in the Italian context, this paper will examine the role of younger generations of Sikhs in the establishment of the Nihang presence in Italy. This contribution will also demonstrate how, through the introduction of this festival, practices differing from mainstream and "orthodox" ones are becoming part of the Italian Sikh landscape, which until recently was characterized by marked homogeneity in terms of beliefs and practices. The aim of this paper is to highlight, by using the festival as a case study, the emerging diversity and pluralism within the Italian Sikh community, which is instead typically described and portrayed as a single, homogeneous group.