Panel: DIGITAL HUMANITIES, RELIGION, AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE ACCESS



305.3 - DÉJÀ VU OF COLONIAL KNOWLEDGE HIERARCHIES: INFRASTRUCTURAL DIGITAL MARGINALIZATION OF URDU RELIGIOUS LITERATURE

AUTHORS:
Azam Z. (Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan ~ Lahore ~ Pakistan)
Text:
Digitization of religious knowledge has been celebrated as a democratizing force demolishing the archival gatekeeping that once restricted access to rare and sacred texts., Yet for Urdu Islamic literature encompassing centuries of Islamic literature digitization has largely indicated persistent absence. This paper argues that the marginalization of Urdu Islamic literature is a systematic multilayered condition produced at three interlacing levels: canonical, technical, and classificatory. At the canonical level, digitization replicates colonial-era hierarchies in which Arabic and English sources anchor the Islamic scholarly tradition while South Asian vernacular contributions remain peripheral. At the technical level, the persistent inadequacy of computational tools for Nastaliq script renders millions of pages inaccessible reflecting digital inequity. At the classificatory level, dominant metadata standards are developed with European textual traditions as their implicit model leaving Urdu textual tradition in lurch. Together, these three layers reproduce the epistemic hierarchies that postcolonial scholarship has long critiqued in their analog predecessors. Methodologically, this paper adopts a comparative archival approach. By systematically surveying and comparing major international Islamic archives in Muslim/Western world against the actual holdings of Pakistani/ Indian Islamic digital libraries. It would also assess performance of existing tools on Nastaliq script and the metadata encoding practices applied to the few Urdu collections that have been digitized. The paper draws on available audits and specialist literature to map the specific points at which infrastructure fails Urdu religious literature. The paper concludes by proposing minimum conditions for a more equitable digital infrastructure for Urdu Islamic literature as a living intellectual and spiritual inheritance.