Panel: RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY ON THE FRONTIER OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES



31_2.8 - THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS ROBOTS AS MORAL AGENTS IN CHRISTIANITY

AUTHORS:
Falletti E. (Università Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC ~ Castellanza (VA) ~ Italy) , Trovato G. (Shibaura Institute of Technology  ~ Tokyo ~ Japan) , Eiviler K. (University of Zürich ~ Zurich ~ Switzerland)
Text:
Robots powered by advanced generative AI systems and large language models (LLMs) are new tools that can be employed in the domain of religions. They can serve as companions able to engage users in personalised, affective interactions, blurring the lines between cognition and empathy. Sacred-art-inspired robots like SanTO and its derivatives, which integrate local databases and LLM queries, can become a digital spiritual aid by facilitating prayer accompaniment and catechesis. Meanwhile, for the anniversary of the Protestant Reformation the blessing robot BLESS U-2 was created, and in 2025, the Greek Orthodox Church launched LOGOS, the first AI tool officially authorised by any Orthodox Church. The role of these robots and the validity of their operation is becoming a matter of discussion. The Catholic Synod's General Secretariat poses critical questions on the Church's digital mission, alongside shared best practices and unresolved challenges. Similar issues have been addressed by the Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate, which introduced the term "Digital Missionary,". However, according to Antiqua et nova (2025), issued by the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Dicastery for Culture and Education, only human beings can be considered true moral agents, capable of freedom, responsibility, and accountability. While Catholic doctrine denies moral agency to AI, recent developments encourage interreligious and ecumenical dialogue, including more open Protestant perspectives. Our contribution intends to discuss ethical and legal aspects regarding whether religious robots can be considered subjects to whom rights can be autonomously recognised, akin to capacity to act in a civil law sense, or whether they are simply objects of law over which others exercise their own rights, such as property and patentability, along with liability.