Panel: GENDER (IN)EQUALITIES IN RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS: THEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS, NORMATIVE PRACTICES, AND CONTEMPORARY RECONFIGURATIONS



162_2.8 - WOMEN: "TO BE SEEN AND NOT HEARD"? EPISTEMIC AND GENDER INEQUALITIES IN IGBO RELIGIOUS CULTURE

AUTHORS:
Udeagha N. (School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science, University of Leeds ~ Leeds ~ United Kingdom)
Text:
This paper investigates the construction and perpetuation of gender inequality within Igbo religious culture through the lens of epistemic injustice. The analysis interrogates the pervasive characterisation of Igbo women as passive, voiceless, and subservient, encapsulated in the phrase "to be seen and not heard", as a product of colonial and Western religious enterprises. The study advances two interconnected arguments. First, it demonstrates that colonial Christianity reconfigured existing Igbo gender norms, introducing hierarchical structures that diminished women's religious authority in ways that differed from precolonial configurations. Second, it shows that these colonial representations have been uncritically reproduced by some contemporary Indigenous scholars, thereby perpetuating what I call 'epistemic inequality', an injustice in the production and validation of knowledge about Igbo women's roles. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of contemporary texts and employing Jacob Olupona's indigenous hermeneutics to interpret these traditions on their own terms, the paper engages in a work of decolonial recovery. Within indigenous Igbo religious frameworks, women constitute a strong spiritual force, historically serving as sacred specialists and custodians of key cultural traditions. Women shaped Igbo religious worldviews and exercised authority across spiritual and socio-political domains. The intersection of gender and epistemic inequality reveals that scholarly practices can inadvertently reinforce communal hierarchies. Recovering Igbo women's historical religious authority offers critical resources for challenging contemporary gender inequities and advancing decolonial approaches to African religious studies. Keywords: Epistemic Inequality, Gender Inequality, Igbo Women, Igbo Religion, Decolonisation, Women's Religious Authority