As the Second World War was coming to an end in France, an agenda towards a new, more democratic and egalitarian social order was drafted up and adopted by the politically diverse and unified Conseil national de la Résistance (CNR), breaking away from Vichy's collaboration with Nazism. Not only returning to the pre-war political rule of law, the CNR's programme (1944) clearly aimed to further political rights and equality in the economic sphere, by bringing down the "major economic and financial feudalities from the direction of the economy," in stark contrast with fascist political and economic practices, exemplified in France by deportations, collaboration, and the Service du Travail Obligatoire (STO). Well-known for both his renewed approach of Thomas Aquinas in his medieval context, and his engagement with groups like the JOC, la Mission de France, and worker-priests, Marie-Dominique Chenu (1895-1990) produced, in these crucial war and postwar years, a number of writings which would not only prefigure his 1955 Pour une théologie du travail, but also be strikingly well attuned to the signs of these revolutionary times. This paper therefore intends to sketch out, through Chenu's theological approach of social classes, community and work, an account of Catholic engagement with equality and inequality during this period.