In this paper, I would like to present how the doctrine of original sin has changed in the context of scientific developments. Initially, the doctrine of original sin was based on a literal interpretation of Genesis 3, Romans 5, and other texts, in which Adam was understood as a historical figure and his transgression as a historical fact. However, scientific developments, particularly the theory of evolution, have called some aspects of the traditional doctrine of original sin into question, such as the biological monogenism of the human race. A revival of biblical studies also greatly influenced our understanding of biblical prehistory, showing it to be a kind of etiological story containing mythical elements. My aim is to demonstrate the impact of these changes on the doctrine of Original Sin.