Panel: RELIGIOUS MINORITIES AND INEQUALITY IN EASTERN EUROPE



816.6 - LIVED RELIGION AND INEQUALITY IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA: THE CASE OF THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS

AUTHORS:
Galic M. (Institute for Balkan Studies (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts) ~ Belgrade ~ Serbia)
Text:
Although the Law on Churches and Religious Communities of 1953 significantly improved the position of religious minorities in socialist Yugoslavia, especially compared to other socialist countries, various forms of religious discrimination persisted. The Nazarenes and Jehovah's Witnesses arguably faced the most severe persecution because of their refusal to bear arms and take the military oath. As a result, many of their members were sentenced to prison terms of up to ten years, while others legally or illegally migrated to Western Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. The position of the Seventh-day Adventists was relatively complex. While members of this religious group were eventually recognized by the socialist government as equal to other, more numerous religious communities, they continued to experience both structural and everyday discrimination. In addition to being labeled "sectarians" and "religious fanatics" by state authorities and the atheistically oriented public, Adventists faced additional difficulties due to their observance of the Saturday Sabbath. Because the Yugoslav workweek lasted six days, Adventist children were often absent from school on Saturdays, while adult members refused to work on that day, which created serious obstacles to pursuing higher education and finding employment. Members of the Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement faced further difficulties due to their refusal to bear arms, similar to the Nazarenes and Jehovah's Witnesses, and were therefore subject to long prison sentences. This project seeks to examine the various coping mechanisms Adventists employed at both the individual and institutional levels in order to overcome these challenges. The research relies primarily on an ethnographic approach, focusing on the analysis of Adventist narratives collected through semi-structured interviews, supplemented by archival materials (both personal and institutional).