Gender dynamics in Islam emerge from the ongoing interaction between revelatory texts, interpretive traditions, socio-historical contexts, and lived religious practices. Rather than constituting a fixed or monolithic system, Islamic approaches to gender reflect a plurality of theological, legal, and ethical positions that have evolved across time and space. Qurʾānic discourse affirms the shared moral responsibility and spiritual dignity of men and women, while also articulating differentiated social roles that have been subject to extensive exegetical and juridical interpretation. Classical fiqh institutionalized gender distinctions in areas such as family law, authority, and ritual participation, often reflecting the patriarchal norms of the societies in which these frameworks developed. Contemporary scholarship increasingly emphasizes the historical and interpretive contingency of these legal and theological constructions. Muslim feminist and gender-critical approaches have challenged androcentric exegetical traditions, proposing rereadings grounded in linguistic analysis, ethical universals such as justice (ʿadl) and human dignity (karāma), and the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa). These perspectives argue that gender inequality is not intrinsic to Islam but arises from historically situated interpretations. At the level of lived religion, Muslim women actively negotiate religious norms through education, activism, ritual practice, and reinterpretations of authority and modesty. Such practices reveal forms of agency that complicate binary narratives of oppression and emancipation. This abstract argues that gender dynamics in Islam are best understood as a field of ongoing negotiation between text, tradition, and contemporary hermeneutics, highlighting Islam's internal diversity and its capacity both to reproduce and to challenge gendered (in)equalities.