This paper investigates the persistent use of "High" and "Low" Christology—categories frequently employed by scholars within cautionary quotation marks—as a case study in the triangular influence between biblical exegesis and dogmatic formulation. It argues that while the formal terminology of Christology "from above" and "from below" was solidified in 20th-century systematic theology (notably by Karl Rahner from 1954 onwards), its conceptual roots are anchored in the Enlightenment's dualistic separation of the "Jesus of History" from the "Christ of Faith."
The author contends that modern historical-critical exegesis inadvertently forced dogmatic theology into a defensive, binary framework that retrojects post-Enlightenment ontological concerns onto the biblical text. Using the Gospel of John as a primary—yet representative—example, this paper shows how the "divine" attributes of the Johannine Christ have been misidentified as later Hellenistic developments or dogmatic impositions.
By integrating the "New Testament within Judaism" (NTWJ) perspective, the study demonstrates that these attributes are not proto-metaphysical descents, but coherent expressions of Second Temple Jewish Messianism. Consequently, the paper proposes a methodological reversal: rather than using modern systematic categories to "filter" the text, the Jewish context of Scripture should be allowed to collapse these anachronistic dogmatic binaries. This reflection seeks to advance a more precise relationship between the disciplines by acknowledging the historical weight of the Enlightenment while prioritizing the primary conceptual world of the Evangelist.
(Section 3: Scripture and Theology - Open call).