Modern philosophy of religion has often treated eschatology as a residual theological motif within secular philosophies of history. This paper argues that twentieth-century Jewish and Christian thinkers instead developed a radically different conception of historical time: a messianic temporality that suspends the continuity of history itself. The analysis focuses mainly on the philosophy of history of Walter Benjamin and the political theology of Jacob Taubes. Benjamin's reflections on "weak messianic power" and the interruption of homogeneous historical time propose an apocalyptic structure in which redemption appears not as a future culmination but as a sudden rupture within the present. Taubes extends this perspective through his interpretation of Pauline eschatology, particularly the Pauline formula hōs mē ("as if not") that characterizes the life of the community living in the imminence of the end. Based on the twentieth-century apocalyptic thinking in German philosophy and theology, the paper reconstructs a theory of apocalyptic temporality in which historical time is neither linear nor teleological but suspended between urgency and delay. This messianic conception of time challenges both secular narratives of progress and theological expectations of a final consummation. The result is a distinctive philosophical account of historical experience in which the present becomes the site of an ever-possible interruption—an "exception" capable of transforming the meaning of history.