The Song of Songs is a biblical book that arouses much controversy, questions and emotions. Interpreted allegorically for centuries, its basic meaning, consistent with the intention of the ancient writers, has finally been appreciated. Today, it is read by theologians as a praise of the love of the bride and groom. The Song of Songs is a book that has numerous intertextual references to other biblical books. It enters into dialogue with other texts. It clearly refers to the Garden of Eden from the Book of Genesis and to the image of the undisturbed love of the first human couple, Adam and Eve - before the rebellion, disobedience to God, and all its consequences (barrenness, suffering, a man's control over a woman). In the relationship between the lovers in the Song of Songs, there is no male domination over women. What is more, there is an additional thread of independence in the love relationship. The aim of this paper is to answer the question about the social and family context of praise and celebration of love. Much of the content indicates or suggests marriage, especially the scene of the wedding procession (Song of Songs 3:6-11). The role of the mother is important and prominent. On the other hand, the absence of the father is surprising, as is the opposition to the brothers who want to exercise control. An analysis of the composition of the work reveals that its introduction and conclusion, which form the editorial framework, contain analogous motifs. They construct the theme of the bride and groom's opposition to patriarchal principles and patriarchal family authority. The basis for this protest and opposition is the couple's committed personal love.