Panel: SPORT AND RELIGION IN THE GLOBAL ARENA: NEUTRALITY, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, AND THE GOVERNANCE OF DIVERSITY



910.7 - RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS AND OLYMPIC NEUTRALITY: THE "ATHLETES' CROSS" AT MILANO-CORTINA 2026.

AUTHORS:
Osnato S. (University of Pisa, University of Ferrara ~ Pisa, Ferrara ~ Italy)
Text:
The Olympic movement has historically been structured around the principle of institutional neutrality with regard to religion, politics, and ideology, as codified in the Olympic Charter (Rule 50). The fundamental principle underlying this approach is to ensure equality and inclusivity, as well as to facilitate the orderly conduct of a global sporting event involving athletes and spectators from a wide range of cultural and religious backgrounds. Concurrently, contemporary Olympic Games are inextricably embedded within urban and social environments that are not normatively neutral, thereby engendering intricate interactions between transnational sports governance and local civil forms of religious expression. Within this framework, the paper examines the case of the "Athletes' Cross" associated with the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games Milano-Cortina 2026. Promoted by Catholic institutions and displayed in a church designated as a space of spiritual reception for athletes and visitors, the Athletes' Cross does not constitute an official Olympic symbol, nor does it fall within the institutional or regulatory framework of the Games. Nevertheless, its presence within the host city gives rise to legally relevant questions concerning the scope of Olympic neutrality. The paper analyses the distinction between institutional neutrality, as required by the Olympic Charter, and the presence of religious symbols within the urban space surrounding the Games. More broadly, the paper reflects on the capacity of Olympic neutrality to accommodate plural forms of religious visibility in host cities, thereby contributing to ongoing debates on freedom of religion, governance of diversity, and the normative boundaries of symbolic presence in international sporting events.