This paper examines how contemporary "modern" mosques in Turkey reconfigure—yet ultimately reproduce—gendered inequalities through architectural design and spatial organization. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork conducted in four architecturally innovative mosques in Istanbul, it analyzes how regimes of visibility structure women's participation, authority, and embodied presence within ritual space. Although these mosques are frequently celebrated as symbols of aesthetic innovation and progressive Islam, their internal spatial arrangements often sustain gender hierarchies through carefully regulated visibility: screened mezzanines, obstructed sightlines to the mihrab, segregated circulation routes, and spatial marginalization from the ritual center. Such arrangements produce a paradox in which architectural modernism coexists with persistent asymmetries in access and recognition. At the same time, Muslim women's increasing public visibility—manifested in advocacy initiatives and campaigns demanding spatial equality in mosques—reveals an emergent critique of these arrangements. Their interventions expose the tension between reformist architectural aesthetics and lived religious experience. The paper argues that inequality is not merely embedded in theological discourse but materially constituted through spatial practices. Situating contemporary mosque design within Turkey's longer trajectory of state regulation and governance of Islam, the study demonstrates that modern mosque architecture operates as a hegemonic component that structures who is visible, who leads, and who belongs. The Turkish case thus challenges linear assumptions that architectural modernization of religious space entails democratization, illustrating instead how reformist aesthetics may coexist with—and subtly reorganize—gendered hierarchies. Keywords: Gendered space, space production, modern mosques, Muslim women in Turkey.