After the Industrial Revolution, the human population increased incomparably more than in the past. This population growth has itself become a factor exacerbating inequality on Earth. The resources of the Earth are limited and can only support a specific number of people. A larger population leads to an unfair and inequitable distribution of resources because the available natural resources must be divided among a larger number of people, thus reducing each person's share. In addition to the impact of industry and technology on human population growth, in some countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Indonesia, the Muslim population has increased to an unusual extent. One of the influential factors in this phenomenon is the emphasis on increasing the number of children per family in some Islamic texts, where this practice is encouraged as a virtuous religious act. As a result, some Muslim families in certain countries, following these religious texts, have opted to have more children. Population growth in some Islamic countries has led to widespread environmental destruction as well as increased social and economic inequality. It is essential that the relevant teachings in religious texts that encourage Muslims to increase the population be critically examined.