This article analyses the Vatican Holy See (VHS)'s contemporary diplomatic strategy in Asia, focusing on how it navigates a politically and religiously diverse regional environment through its capacity to conclude bilateral treaties and pursue its international interests and mission. Drawing on Foreign Policy Analysis, the paper maps and examines the corpus of bilateral agreements concluded between the VHS and Asian states, discussing treaty-making as both an institutional output and a strategic instrument of diplomacy. The treaty analysis is complemented by supplementary material, including the geography and functions of apostolic nunciatures and wider diplomatic mechanisms through which the VHS operates, to reconstruct how this actor translates limited material capabilities into concrete foreign-policy practice. The findings suggest that the VHS functions as a specialised microstate whose legal personality and moral authority enable it to sustain an effective diplomatic agenda despite the constraints typically associated with small-state power. The article concludes that Vatican diplomacy in Asia provides a distinctive model of microstate foreign policy, illustrating how moral and legal authority can be leveraged as alternatives to conventional coercive or economic power within the realities of international politics.