Panel: ENGAGING IN THE WORLD: SOCIAL JUSTICE AND RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS IN DIALOGUE



141.3 - THE VIOLENCE OF NONVIOLENCE: ANTI-CAPITALIST BUDDHISM AND THE LIMITS OF LIBERAL INTERFAITH DISCOURSE

AUTHORS:
Shields J.M. (Bucknell University ~ Lewisburg, PA ~ United States of America)
Text:
In contemporary interfaith dialogue, Buddhism is frequently positioned as offering resources for peace, compassion, and ethical transformation—a spiritual complement to social justice traditions like Christian Liberation Theology. Yet this framing risks domesticating Buddhism's more radical critiques of structural violence and capitalist modernity. This paper interrogates the tensions between anti-capitalist Buddhist social theory and the liberal frameworks that often shape both engaged Buddhism and interfaith solidarity work. Drawing on Buddhist analyses of structural ignorance (avidyā) and interdependence (pratītyasamutpāda), I argue that capitalism itself constitutes a form of systemic violence—what Rob Nixon terms "slow violence"—that permeates bodies, ecologies, and epistemic formations. However, mainstream engaged Buddhism, in its pursuit of dialogue and reform, frequently becomes complicit in what Slavoj Žižek identifies as "the violence of nonviolence": the ways pacifist discourse can sustain violent structures by delegitimizing revolutionary rupture and foreclosing possibilities for genuine transformation. This paper examines how anti-capitalist Buddhist thought diverges from both liberal engaged Buddhism and Christian Liberation Theology around questions of violence, praxis, and structural change. Rather than seeking convergence, I argue that these irreconcilable tensions—between reform and rupture, between universal compassion and partisan struggle, between nonviolence and necessary confrontation—may be more generative for genuine solidarity than premature reconciliation. In an era of escalating authoritarianism and climate catastrophe, interfaith dialogue must grapple with whether its own frameworks inadvertently reproduce the violence it seeks to address.