Rationality is an ancient subject but one of renewed interest, particularly in psychology applied to economic processes. In this context, the confrontation between different points of view is such that it has been referred to as a "war of rationality". This confrontation focuses in particular on the role of heuristics in decision-making, i.e. decision-making models that require little data, time and processing capacity. With regard to heuristics, there is a distinction between those who associate them with systematic errors or biases and those who highlight their effectiveness in certain circumstances. The theme of ecological rationality emerges from this comparison as associated with the adoption of effective decision-making models in specific reference environments. Rationality therefore ceases to be a criterion of validity for judgements and choices linked to an internal logic and embraces a criterion of validity linked to a logic of adaptiveness and interdependence between the actor's cognition and behaviour and the characteristics of the environment. The paper offers several contributions. The first of these is the reconstruction of an evolutionary framework for the debate on the role of heuristics and therefore the theme of ecological rationality. In particular, it compares the prospects for applying ecological rationality to decision-making through the development of an "adaptive toolbox" consisting essentially of heuristic rules, each of which may have a field of effectiveness or "scope", albeit subject to change with the conditions of the context. A second contribution concerns the formulation of a set of differences emerging from the comparison of different approaches to the theme of ecological rationality. One contribution of the paper is to suggest the development of a set of heuristics (or adaptive toolbox) and to develop new heuristics as a methodology for the development of integral ecology pathways.