This paper examines religious discourse during political transformation in Early Islamic Greater Khurasan, with a particular focus on the Tahirid and Samanid periods. The region, historically positioned along the Silk Road, had long been characterized by intellectual openness and pluralism, accommodating diverse religious communities—including those, such as the Manichaeans, who faced persecution elsewhere in Iran—within a framework of largely peaceful coexistence. While the early Umayyad and Abbasid administrations established political control over the region, the courts and local elites continued to serve as spaces of debate, negotiation, and the circulation of ideas. Under the Samanids, in particular, courtly settings became hubs for intellectual exchange, hosting theologians, jurists, and preachers engaged in rigorous discussions on religious law, doctrine, and ethics. Central to this study is the manuscript ʿUyūn al-Majālis wa Surūr al-Dāris by Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir al-Bukhārī (d. 406 AH). Analysis illuminates the ways in which religious discourse functioned as both a response to political transformations and a tool for negotiating authority and legitimacy. The content of the manuscript reveals the complex interactions among scholarly factions, doctrinal debates, and the broader intellectual culture, demonstrating that theoretical and practical concerns were intertwined. By highlighting Greater Khurasan's pre-Islamic and early Islamic traditions of intellectual openness, courtly debate, and manuscript culture, this paper emphasizes the region's role in shaping the discourse of religious authority. It argues that these historical dynamics provide a nuanced perspective on how religious ideas were mobilized, contested, and institutionalized, offering insight into the enduring relationship between power and piety. Key Words: Religious Discourse; Political Transformation; Early Islamic Greater Khurasan; Courtly Intellectual Life; Manuscript Evidence