The Venetian Sephardi Chief Rabbi Samuel Aboab (1610-1694) is remembered for his posthumous collection of legal rulings, Devar Shemuel ("Samuel's Word," 1702), and for an anonymously published treatise, Sefer ha-Zikhronot ("Book of Memoirs," 1650), in which he rebuked the decline of piety, ritual observance, and sexual morals in the Jewish society of his time. In 2022, the Jerusalem-based ultra-Orthodox publishing house Zikhron Aharon edited both works in a single, stately volume. Aboab's staunch defense of religious normativity, however, emerged from a heterogeneous intellectual culture, which this paper explores. Raised in Hamburg in a family of former conversos, Aboab went on to serve a community in which rabbinic learning was shaped by Renaissance humanism, Hispanic colonial expansion, and Ottoman Jewish mystical piety. Hitherto unknown, the notarial inventory of Rabbi Aboab's personal library reveals a broad cross-section of Sephardi and Ashkenazi scholarship, alongside medieval Jewish philosophical classics and works by contemporary physicians, geographers, and political writers, including key texts of philosophical skepticism from Montaigne to Francis Bacon and Simone Luzzatto.