The contemporary environmental crisis evident in climate change, ecosystem degradation, and widespread pollution calls for a renewed ethical reflection on the human place in the world, particularly in view of the decisive role human activity has played in generating these transformations. In this context, this paper revisits the Judeo-Christian concept of "dominion" as articulated in Genesis and reinterpreted in Laudato Si' (67), which explicitly challenges readings that link biblical anthropology to the exploitation of nature. Rather than endorsing unlimited human control, dominion is examined as a form of delegated and restrained responsibility, exercised within ethical limits and oriented toward a broader moral order. From this perspective, dominion is understood not as an inherent human privilege, but as a functional vocation grounded in accountability and care. This reinterpretation establishes a conceptual link with environmental stewardship, defined as an ethical obligation to protect and sustain ecological systems upon which both human and non-human life depend. Particular emphasis is placed on environmental health factors including greenhouse gas emissions, water availability and contamination, pollution, and material waste, which constitute concrete pathways through which ethical commitments translate into measurable impacts on population health, environmental risk, and social vulnerability. The relevance of this ethical framework is further reinforced by growing societal concern for environmental protection, reflected in heightened public awareness and increasing attention to stewardship-oriented practices. By integrating theological reflection, stewardship theory, and contemporary environmental health challenges, this paper argues that values rooted in responsibility, restraint, and care provide a coherent moral foundation for addressing current environmental health controversies.