Contemporary strategies for ecological transition increasingly rely on technological solutions presented as environmentally sustainable, such as the expansion of biofuel production and the intensified extraction of critical raw materials required for renewable energy systems. These strategies are often justified on the basis of the scientific and economic advantages offered, including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, and decarbonization. Yet, their implementation raises ecological, social, and ethical questions that cannot be resolved by technical assessment alone, particularly as regards land-use change, biodiversity loss, water stress, and social displacement. These impacts challenge simplified narratives of sustainability and reveal the limitations of purely technocratic approaches. This contribution critically examines selected case studies in biofuel production and rare earth extraction, highlighting the epistemic limits of technocratic approaches to sustainability. These cases are analysed in dialogue with the framework of Integral Ecology proposed in Laudato si', which demonstrates the inseparability of environmental, social, cultural, and ethical dimensions of ecological decision-making. In this view, scientific knowledge can be ethically re-situated within a broader normative horizon attentive to questions of responsibility, justice, and the distribution of environmental costs and benefits across communities and generations. Rather than rejecting technological innovation, the analysis proposes criteria for ethical discernment rooted in Integral Ecology, such as precaution, relational responsibility, and the primacy of the common good, to guide decision-making in contested sustainability pathways. In doing so, the contribution aims to demonstrate how scientific inquiry, when integrated with ethical and theological reflection, can support a more truthful and humane ecological transition.