Panel: SUSTAINABILITY AND JEWISH ETHICS: IN/EQUALITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AND INTERRELIGIOUS HORIZONS



989_2.3 - BEYOND JUSTICE: THE HUMAN PLACE IN NATURE IN THE DIVINE RESPONSE TO JOB

AUTHORS:
Ben Pazi H. (Bar Ilan University ~ Ramat Gan ~ Israel)
Text:
This lecture will examine the human relationship to nature through a close reading of the Hebrew Bible, chapters 38-42 of the Book of Job. Popular interpretations of the Book of Job tend to focus on the problem of undeserved suffering and 'Theodicy': human responses to suffering in a world which is presumed to operate according to divine justice. Within this framework, suffering is expected to be ethically intelligible, and consequently no human being suffers without a religious or ethical cause. Job, in his affliction, turns to God in prayer and protest, demanding an account that would justify his suffering. However, speaking "from the whirlwind", God confronts Job, and humanity more broadly as well, with two fundamental questions about human knowledge and the world and human action within it. These are articulated through a series of challenges: "Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?" Do human beings know the laws of nature, its foundations, or the principles upon which the world is sustained? God's discourse reveals that nature does not present a moral order governed by human notions of justice. Instead, it exposes a reality marked by power, indifference, and even apparent cruelty, animals that abandon their young, forces that operate without ethical intention or justification. Additionally, God describes the delight taken in the Leviathan and Behemoth (wild and untamable), quasi-mythical creatures that exist beyond human control and moral categories. Here, the text draws a sharp distinction not only between humanity and nature, but also between human demands for justice and morality and the non-rational, force-driven existence of the natural world. Beyond the narrative of Job, human values are no longer placed at the center of reality; they are destabilized when viewed against the vast, indifferent processes of nature. This radical rereading of Job and Job's God challenges contemporary environmental ethics and sustainability.