Recent guidelines for thyroid diseases that need surgery favor limited surgical procedures instead of routine total thyroidectomy in one-stage (TT1). A completion thyroidectomy (TT2) may become necessary if final pathology reveals pejorative thyroid cancer criteria, or in case of recurrence of a multinodular goiter with compressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of symptomatic hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism following TT1 or TT2.
From June 2020 to November 2022, all consecutive patients undergoing TT1 or TT2 in our institution were included in a prospective study. Patients were managed using an algorithm based on 20 min intraoperative PTH (IOPTH20, normal range: 15-65 ng/L) levels guiding potential calcium and calcitriol supplementation starting on POD1.
This algorithm was used in 1,420 patients (1,217 TT1 and 203 TT2), including 527 (43%) TT1 and 135 (67%) TT2 patients with IOPTH20>20 ng/L (p<0.0001). Symptomatic hypocalcemia was observed in 30 TT1 patients (2.5%) and 2 TT2 patients (1.0%), all of them except 1, with an IOPTH20<20 ng/L. Among these patients, 16 (1.3%) TT1 and none TT2 patients developed a permanent hypoparathyroidism. IOPTH20 was undetectable (<6 ng/L) in 134 (11%) TT1 and 7 (3%) TT2 patients, with a rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism (>6 months after surgery) of 9% (12 patients) and 0 patients, respectively.
TT2 had lower rates of symptomatic hypocalcemia compared to TT1. Vitamin D-calcium supplementation based on IOPTH20 levels is very efficient to lower symptoms related to hypocalcemia with no increasing risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism.