The knowledge on how each therapeutic option and its complications influences the health-related quality of life (QoL) of patients with thyroid carcinoma seems essential to know the real risk-benefit balance.
A cross-sectional multicenter study to assess the QoL of patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 2016 and 2020 was performed. We employed the SF-36, EORCT QLQ C-30 and THY-34 questionnaires. We analyzed the different results according to the type of thyroidectomy, the presence of postoperative complications and the use of radioiodine ablation.
254 patients (76.4% female, 51±12 years) were enrolled. 79.1% underwent total thyroidectomy, and additionally 10.6% underwent initial hemithyroidectomy with subsequent completion. The rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis was 15.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Postoperative radioiodine ablation was employed in 64.6% of the cases.
There were no differences in the scores according to the type of surgery. However, patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism presented worse results in the THY-34 (56 vs. 61; p=0.029) and a trend in all the other questionnaires.
The use of radioiodine was associated with a worse QoL scores according to the THY-34 questionnaire (58 vs. 54; p=0.047) and the SF-36 Mental Composite Score (77.5 vs. 65.5; p=0.008), as well as a trend in the QLQ C30 questionnaire.
Our results support the negative influence of the use of radioiodine and permanent hypoparathyroidism on patients' QoL, which should be taken into consideration in clinical decision making.